Chapter 5. 泛爱众
Love All Equally
【凡是人 皆须爱 天同覆 地同载。
行高者 名自高 人所重 非貌高。
才大者 望自大 人所服 非言大。
己有能 勿自私 人所能 勿轻訾。
勿谄富 勿骄贫 勿厌故 勿喜新。
人不闲 勿事搅 人不安 勿话扰。】
凡是人 皆须爱 天同覆 地同载
易解:只要是人,就是同类,不分族群、人种、宗教信仰,皆须相亲相爱。同是天地所生万物滋长的,应该不分你我,互助合作,才能维持这个共生共荣的生命共同体。
(国父说:物种以竞争为目的。人类以互助合作为目的。)
[Translation]: Human beings, regardless of nationality, race, or religion – everyone – should be loved equally. We are all sheltered by the same sky and we all live on the same planet Earth.
行高者 名自高 人所重 非貌高
才大者 望自大 人所服 非言大
易解:德行高尚者,名望自然高超。大家所敬重的是他的德行,不是外表容貌。有才能的人,处理事情的能力卓越,声望自然不凡,然而人们之所以欣赏佩服,是他的处事能力,而不是因为他很会说大话。
A person of high ideals and morals is highly respected. What people value is not based on outside appearance. A person’s outstanding abilities will naturally endow him with a good reputation. Admiration from others does not
come from boasting or praising oneself.
己有能 勿自私 人所能 勿轻眦
勿谄富 勿骄贫 勿厌故 勿喜新
人不闲 勿事搅 人不安 勿话扰
易解:当你有能力可以服务众人的时候,不要自私自利,只考虑到自己,舍不得付出。对于他人的才华,应当学习欣赏赞叹,而不是批评、嫉妒、毁谤。不要去讨好巴结富有的人,也不要在穷人面前骄傲自大,或者轻视他们。不要喜新厌旧,对于老朋友要珍惜,不要贪恋新朋友或新事物。对于正在忙碌的人,不要去打扰他,当别人心情不好,身心欠安的时候,不要闲言闲语干扰他,增加他的烦恼与不安。
(礼运大同篇:力恶其不出于身也,不必为己。)
If I am a very capable person, I should use my
capabilities for the benefit of others. Other people’s competence should never be slandered. I will not flatter the rich, or despise the poor. I will not ignore old friends, only taking delight in new ones. When a person is busy, I will not bother him with matters. When a person’s mind is not at ease, I will not bother him with words.
Love All Equally
【凡是人 皆须爱 天同覆 地同载。
行高者 名自高 人所重 非貌高。
才大者 望自大 人所服 非言大。
己有能 勿自私 人所能 勿轻訾。
勿谄富 勿骄贫 勿厌故 勿喜新。
人不闲 勿事搅 人不安 勿话扰。】
凡是人 皆须爱 天同覆 地同载
易解:只要是人,就是同类,不分族群、人种、宗教信仰,皆须相亲相爱。同是天地所生万物滋长的,应该不分你我,互助合作,才能维持这个共生共荣的生命共同体。
(国父说:物种以竞争为目的。人类以互助合作为目的。)
[Translation]: Human beings, regardless of nationality, race, or religion – everyone – should be loved equally. We are all sheltered by the same sky and we all live on the same planet Earth.
行高者 名自高 人所重 非貌高
才大者 望自大 人所服 非言大
易解:德行高尚者,名望自然高超。大家所敬重的是他的德行,不是外表容貌。有才能的人,处理事情的能力卓越,声望自然不凡,然而人们之所以欣赏佩服,是他的处事能力,而不是因为他很会说大话。
A person of high ideals and morals is highly respected. What people value is not based on outside appearance. A person’s outstanding abilities will naturally endow him with a good reputation. Admiration from others does not
come from boasting or praising oneself.
己有能 勿自私 人所能 勿轻眦
勿谄富 勿骄贫 勿厌故 勿喜新
人不闲 勿事搅 人不安 勿话扰
易解:当你有能力可以服务众人的时候,不要自私自利,只考虑到自己,舍不得付出。对于他人的才华,应当学习欣赏赞叹,而不是批评、嫉妒、毁谤。不要去讨好巴结富有的人,也不要在穷人面前骄傲自大,或者轻视他们。不要喜新厌旧,对于老朋友要珍惜,不要贪恋新朋友或新事物。对于正在忙碌的人,不要去打扰他,当别人心情不好,身心欠安的时候,不要闲言闲语干扰他,增加他的烦恼与不安。
(礼运大同篇:力恶其不出于身也,不必为己。)
If I am a very capable person, I should use my
capabilities for the benefit of others. Other people’s competence should never be slandered. I will not flatter the rich, or despise the poor. I will not ignore old friends, only taking delight in new ones. When a person is busy, I will not bother him with matters. When a person’s mind is not at ease, I will not bother him with words.
【人有短 切莫揭 人有私 切莫说。
道人善 即是善 人知之 愈思勉。
扬人恶 既是恶 疾之甚 祸且作。
善相劝 德皆建 过不规 道两亏。
凡取与 贵分晓 与宜多 取宜少。
将加人 先问己 己不欲 即速已。
恩欲报 怨欲忘 报怨短 报恩长。
待婢仆 身贵端 虽贵端 慈而宽。
势服人 心不然 理服人 方无言。】
人有短 切莫揭 人有私 切莫说
道人善 即是善 人知之 愈思勉
扬人恶 即是恶 疾之甚 祸且作
善相劝 德皆建 过不规 道两亏
易解:别人的缺点,不要去揭穿,对于他人的隐私,切忌去张扬。赞美他人的善行就是行善。当对方听到你的称赞之后,必定会更加勉励行善。张扬他人的过失或缺点,就是作了一件坏事。如果指责批评太过分了,还会给自己招来灾祸。朋友之间应该互相规过劝善,共同建立良好的品德修养。如果有错不能互相规劝,两个人的品德都会有缺陷。
[Translation]: If a person has a shortcoming, I will not expose it. If a person has a secret, I will not tell others. When people are being praised and approved of, they will be encouraged to try even harder. Spreading rumors about the wrongdoings of others is a wrongdoing in itself. When the harm done has reached the extreme, misfortunes will surely follow. When I encourage another to do good, both of our virtues are built up. If I do not
tell another of his faults, we are both wrong.
凡取与 贵分晓 与宜多 取宜少
将加人 先问己 己不欲 即速已
恩欲报 怨欲忘 报怨短 报恩长
易解:财物的取得与给予,一定要分辨清楚明白,宁可多给别人,自己少拿一些,才能广结善缘,与人和睦相处。
事情要加到别人身上之前(要托人做事),先要反省,问问自己:换作是我,喜欢不喜欢,如果连自己都不喜欢,就要立刻停止。
(子曰:己所不欲,勿施于人。要设身处地为别人著想。)
受人恩惠要时时想著报答,别人有对不起自己的事,应该宽大为怀把它忘掉,怨恨不平的事不要停留太久,过去就算了,“不要老放在心上,处罚自己,苦恼自己!”至于别人对我们的恩德,要感恩在心常记不忘,常思报答。
Whether I take or give, I need to know the difference between the two. It is better to give more and take less. What I ask others to do, I must first ask myself if I would be willing to do. If it is not something I would be willing to do, I will not ask others to do it. I must repay the kindness of others and let go of my resentments. I will spend less time
holding grudges and more time paying back the kindness of others.
待婢仆 身贵端 虽贵端 慈而宽
势服人 心不然 理服人 方无言
易解:对待家中的婢女与仆人,要注重自己的品行端正并以身作则,虽然品行端正很重要,但是仁慈宽大更可贵,如果仗势强逼别人服从,对方难免口服心不服。唯有以理服人,别人才会心悦诚服没有怨言。
When I am directing maids and servants, I will act honorably and properly. I will also treat them kindly and generously. If I use my influence to make them submissive, their hearts will not be with me. If I can convince them with sound reasoning, they will have nothing to object to.
道人善 即是善 人知之 愈思勉。
扬人恶 既是恶 疾之甚 祸且作。
善相劝 德皆建 过不规 道两亏。
凡取与 贵分晓 与宜多 取宜少。
将加人 先问己 己不欲 即速已。
恩欲报 怨欲忘 报怨短 报恩长。
待婢仆 身贵端 虽贵端 慈而宽。
势服人 心不然 理服人 方无言。】
人有短 切莫揭 人有私 切莫说
道人善 即是善 人知之 愈思勉
扬人恶 即是恶 疾之甚 祸且作
善相劝 德皆建 过不规 道两亏
易解:别人的缺点,不要去揭穿,对于他人的隐私,切忌去张扬。赞美他人的善行就是行善。当对方听到你的称赞之后,必定会更加勉励行善。张扬他人的过失或缺点,就是作了一件坏事。如果指责批评太过分了,还会给自己招来灾祸。朋友之间应该互相规过劝善,共同建立良好的品德修养。如果有错不能互相规劝,两个人的品德都会有缺陷。
[Translation]: If a person has a shortcoming, I will not expose it. If a person has a secret, I will not tell others. When people are being praised and approved of, they will be encouraged to try even harder. Spreading rumors about the wrongdoings of others is a wrongdoing in itself. When the harm done has reached the extreme, misfortunes will surely follow. When I encourage another to do good, both of our virtues are built up. If I do not
tell another of his faults, we are both wrong.
凡取与 贵分晓 与宜多 取宜少
将加人 先问己 己不欲 即速已
恩欲报 怨欲忘 报怨短 报恩长
易解:财物的取得与给予,一定要分辨清楚明白,宁可多给别人,自己少拿一些,才能广结善缘,与人和睦相处。
事情要加到别人身上之前(要托人做事),先要反省,问问自己:换作是我,喜欢不喜欢,如果连自己都不喜欢,就要立刻停止。
(子曰:己所不欲,勿施于人。要设身处地为别人著想。)
受人恩惠要时时想著报答,别人有对不起自己的事,应该宽大为怀把它忘掉,怨恨不平的事不要停留太久,过去就算了,“不要老放在心上,处罚自己,苦恼自己!”至于别人对我们的恩德,要感恩在心常记不忘,常思报答。
Whether I take or give, I need to know the difference between the two. It is better to give more and take less. What I ask others to do, I must first ask myself if I would be willing to do. If it is not something I would be willing to do, I will not ask others to do it. I must repay the kindness of others and let go of my resentments. I will spend less time
holding grudges and more time paying back the kindness of others.
待婢仆 身贵端 虽贵端 慈而宽
势服人 心不然 理服人 方无言
易解:对待家中的婢女与仆人,要注重自己的品行端正并以身作则,虽然品行端正很重要,但是仁慈宽大更可贵,如果仗势强逼别人服从,对方难免口服心不服。唯有以理服人,别人才会心悦诚服没有怨言。
When I am directing maids and servants, I will act honorably and properly. I will also treat them kindly and generously. If I use my influence to make them submissive, their hearts will not be with me. If I can convince them with sound reasoning, they will have nothing to object to.
Chapter 6. 亲仁
Be Close to and Learn from
People of Virtue and Compassion
【同是人 类不齐 流俗众 仁者希。
果仁者 人多畏 言不讳 色不媚。
能亲仁 无限好 德日进 过日少。
不亲仁 无限害 小人进 百事坏。】
同是人 类不齐 流俗众 仁者希
果仁者 人多畏 言不讳 色不媚
能亲仁 无限好 德日进 过日少
不亲仁 无限害 小人进 百事坏
易解:同样是人,善恶邪正,心智高低却是良莠不齐。跟著潮流走的俗人多,仁慈博爱的人少,如果有一位仁德的人出现,大家自然敬畏他,因为他说话公正无私没有隐瞒,又不讨好他人。所以大家才会起敬畏之心。
能够亲近有仁德的人,向他学习,真是再好不过了,因为他会使我们的德行一天比一天进步,过错也跟著减少。如果不肯亲近仁人君子,就会有无穷的祸害,因为不肖的小人会趁虚而入,跑来亲近我们,日积月累,我们的言行举止都会受影响,导致整个人生的失败。(近朱者赤,近墨者黑。)
[Translation]: We are all human, but we are not the same. Most of us are ordinary; only a very few have great virtues and high moral principles. A truly virtuous person is greatly respected by others. He will not be afraid to speak the truth and he will not fawn on others.
If I can be close to and learn from people of great virtue and compassion, I will benefit immensely. My virtues will grow daily and my wrongdoings will lessen day by day. If I choose not to be close to and learn from people of great virtue, I will suffer a great loss. People without virtue will get close to me and nothing I attempt will succeed.
Chapter 7. 余力学文
After All the Above Is Accomplished,
I Should Study Further and Learn
Literature and Art to Improve
My Cultural and Spiritual Life
当本份的事情做好了
再学习研究文学艺术
来提升自己的精神生活品质
【不力行 但学文 长浮华 成何人。
但力行 不学文 任己见 昧理真。
读书法 有三到 心眼口 信皆要。
方读此 勿慕彼 此未终 彼勿起。
宽为限 紧用功 工夫到 滞塞通。
心有疑 随札记 就人问 求确义。】
不力行 但学文 长浮华 成何人
但力行 不学文 任己见 昧理真
易解:不能身体力行孝、悌、谨、信、泛爱众、亲仁这些本分,一味死读书,纵然有些知识,也只是增长自己浮华不实的习气,变成一个不切实际的人,如此读书又有何用?反之,如果只是一味的做,不肯读书学习,就容易依著自己的偏见做事,蒙蔽了真理,也是不对的。
(子曰:‘学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。’)
[Translation]: If I do not actively practice what I have learned, but continue to study on the surface, even though my knowledge is increasing, it is only superficial. What kind of person will I be? If I do apply my knowledge diligently, but stop studying, I will only do things based on my own opinion, thinking it is correct. In fact, what I know is not the truth.
读书法 有三到 心眼口 信皆要
方读此 勿慕彼 此未终 彼勿起
宽为限 紧用功 功夫到 滞塞通
心有疑 随札记 就人问 求确义
易解:读书的方法要注重三到,眼到、口到、心到。三者缺一不可,如此方能收到事半功倍的效果。研究学问,要专一,要专精才能深入,不能这本书才开始读没多久,又欣羡其他的书,想看其他的书,这样永远也定不下心,必须把这本书读完,才能读另外一本。
在订定读书计画的时候,不妨宽松一些,实际执行时,就要加紧用功,严格执行,不可以懈怠偷懒,日积月累功夫深了,原先窒碍不通,困顿疑惑之处自然而然都迎刃而解了。(中庸:用功日久,而一旦豁然贯通焉,则众物之表里精粗无不到,而吾心之全体大用无不明矣。)
求学当中,心里有疑问,应随时笔记,一有机会,就向良师益友请教,务必确实明白它的真义。(不耻下问)
There are methods to study correctly. They involve
concentration in three areas: my mind, my eyes, and my mouth. To believe in what I read is equally important. When I begin to read a book, I will not think about another. If I have not completed the book, I will not start another. I will give myself lots of time to study, and I will study hard. If I devote enough time and effort, I will thoroughly understand. If I have a question, I will make a note
of it. I will ask the person who has the knowledge for the right answer.
【房室清 墙壁净 几案洁 笔砚正。
墨磨偏 心不端 字不敬 心先病。
列典籍 有定处 读看毕 还原处。
虽有急 卷束齐 有缺坏 就补之。
非圣书 屏勿视 敝聪明 坏心志。
勿自暴 勿自弃 圣与贤 可驯致。】
房室清 墙壁净 几案洁 笔砚正
墨磨偏 心不端 字不敬 心先病
列典籍 有定处 读看毕 还原处
虽有急 卷束齐 有缺坏 就补之
非圣书 屏勿视 蔽聪明 坏心志
勿自暴 勿自弃 圣与贤 可驯致
易解:书房要整理清洁,墙壁要保持干净,读书时,书桌上笔墨纸砚等文具要放置整齐,不得凌乱,触目所及皆是井井有条,才能静下心来读书。古人写字使用毛笔,写字前先要磨墨,如果心不在焉,墨就会磨偏了,写出来的字如果歪歪斜斜,就表示你浮躁不安,心定不下来。
书籍课本应分类,排列整齐,放在固定的位置,读诵完毕须归还原处。
虽有急事,也要把书本收好再离开,书本是智慧的结晶,有缺损就要修补,保持完整。(古人一书难求,故有修补之举。)
不是传述圣贤言行的著作,以及有害身心健康的不良书刊,都应该摒弃不要看,以免身心受到污染,智慧遭受蒙蔽,心志变得不健康。遇到困难或挫折的时候,不要自暴自弃,也不必愤世嫉俗,看什么都不顺眼,应该发愤向上努力学习,圣贤境界虽高,循序渐进,也是可以达到的。
(孟子曰:舜何人也,予何人也,有为者亦若是!)
(唐诗:劝君莫惜金缕衣,劝君惜取少年时。花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝。)
[Translation]: I will keep my room neat, my walls uncluttered and clean, my desk tidy and my brush and inkstone properly placed. If my ink block is ground unevenly, it shows I have a poor state of mind. When words are written carelessly, showing no respect, this shows my state of mind has not been well. My books should be classified, placed on the bookshelves, and in their proper places. After I finish reading a book, I will put it back where it belongs. Even if I am in a hurry, I still must neatly roll up and bind the open bamboo scroll I have been reading. All missing or damaged pages ought to be immediately repaired.
If it is not a book on the teachings of the saints and sages, it should be discarded and not even looked at. Such books can block my intelligence and wisdom, and will undermine my aspirations and sense of direction. Neither be harsh on myself, nor give up on myself. To be a person of high ideals, moral standards and virtue is something we can all attain in time.